By Dr. Pulkit Chowdhury “Pallav”, 25 August 2020, Kathmandu

Introduction

It is crucial and urgent to identify, study, analyze, and address the underlying causes of deterioration in Tharu society, particularly in recent years. Without understanding the root causes, effective solutions and reform programs for progress cannot be developed.

Current Challenges and Cultural Deviations

Tharu society faces numerous problems, including increasing distortions, evils, and cultural deviations. These issues are gradually eroding the fabric of Tharu society and leading to its decline. There exists a pervasive sense of hopelessness—an idea that nothing can improve and change is impossible. This belief must be dispelled, and instead, efforts must be made to identify the actual root causes and pursue appropriate solutions.

Importance of Holistic Health for Societal Progress

Much like an individual’s physical health influences their mental, emotional, and behavioral wellbeing, the health of a society depends on addressing fundamental issues. Tharu society is afflicted by deep-rooted diseases, and only by tackling these at their source can the community become healthy, energetic, and progressive. Superficial measures or mere reliance on history, art, culture, and social reforms are insufficient. True happiness, prosperity, and success will follow only when the underlying problems are resolved and the community is inspired and united.

Responsibility for Problem-Solving

The challenges faced by Tharu society will not resolve themselves, nor will outsiders provide effective solutions. Those affected—individuals, families, communities, leaders, and scholars—must be involved in identifying the causes, which span individual, family, social, educational, economic, political, and cultural domains. It is not enough to blame either the younger or older generations; a thorough investigation into both internal and external factors, as well as the impact of changing times and circumstances, is essential.

Inclusive Research and Community Involvement

Every stage of research must involve all sections and generations of Tharu society—adults, children, men, women, and youth. When the community is informed and engaged from the outset, they will take ownership and invest themselves fully in the process. This ensures that solutions will be widely accepted, practical, and effective in implementing reform programs.

Ownership and Implementation of Reforms

When the Tharu community participates in research, it creates a sense of ownership and responsibility for implementing the findings. Solutions imposed by outsiders may not be accepted or could be perceived as disrespectful. However, if the community identifies its own shortcomings and areas for improvement, reform initiatives are more likely to succeed. Awareness campaigns, education, capacity training, and a supportive environment are crucial, along with unity among individuals, families, and communities.

Areas of Study and Evidence Collection

Research should focus on the root causes and factors contributing to distortions, harmful customs, cults, and cultural deviations, especially among the youth. While challenges exist, Tharu society also possesses many positive and beautiful aspects that should be acknowledged.

Historical and Cultural Context

Tharu society has a rich history, vibrant language and culture, and a legacy of ancestral wisdom. Decades ago, it was a happy, prosperous, and self-reliant community with a robust social system. Over time, however, these traditions and sources of inspiration have faded. Today, weakening family, social, and educational environments have led to the disappearance of role models and positive influences. Rediscovering and revitalizing these sources of strength and inspiration is essential for restoring prosperity and self-reliance.

Environmental and Societal Changes

It is necessary to assess the impacts of environmental changes, migration, and population pressures. Following the eradication of malaria in the Terai, migration significantly affected Tharuhat’s land and social structure, leading to its decline. The introduction of new comforts and vices, such as gambling and alcohol, brought new challenges. Many Tharus, once land-rich, succumbed to these addictions and, over time, lost their wealth and became indebted to moneylenders.

In some regions, landless Tharus became Kamaiyas (bonded laborers), while others were exploited and deprived of their ancestral lands through deceit and manipulation. Understanding why Tharus, in particular, fell victim to these circumstances is a subject for deep research.

Addressing Negative Stereotypes

Baseless arguments and false accusations about Tharu genetic traits, such as laziness or cowardice, lack scientific merit and serve only to weaken the community psychologically. These negative portrayals are tactics used by others to undermine Tharu confidence and dignity. Additionally, stereotypes about alcohol consumption unfairly target Tharus, despite similar behaviors in other communities.

Social, Educational, Cultural, Political, and Economic Factors

Tharu society has struggled to adapt to changing social and national conditions due to its long-standing isolation and unique traditions. Detailed social analysis is required to understand these and other contributing factors. In the past, collective decision-making bodies like ‘Basghara’ and village assemblies addressed community issues effectively, but such forums have disappeared, leaving problems unresolved.

Efforts towards education after the 2007 democracy led to progress in some districts, with Tharu children becoming doctors and engineers. However, many now lag behind, raising concerns about family, social, and cultural environments, parental guidance, and motivation. Despite initial academic success, Tharu children often lose direction, and many struggle to set goals or find role models. This lack of aspiration and motivation is a significant issue that must be addressed for the progress of Tharu society.

Economic Transformation and Migration

Historically, Tharu society was economically prosperous, cultivating fertile lands throughout the Terai. However, external migration and urbanization have reduced their numbers and influence. Adapting to these changes is necessary for survival and progress.

Need for Adaptation and Survival

According to Darwin’s principle of Natural Selection and Survival of the Fittest, only those who adapt can thrive. If Tharu society does not evolve with the times, its existence, identity, and progress are at risk. The community must internalize these realities and proactively pursue change, or risk fading into history.

The Role of Politics

Politics is a critical but neglected aspect in Tharu society. It is often viewed with suspicion or contempt, a misconception perpetuated by those seeking to exclude Tharus from political participation. This attitude must change, as politics is essential for the functioning and progress of any community. Historically, Tharus held significant administrative roles, and the community must reclaim active involvement in politics to ensure representation and advancement.

Conclusion and Recommendations

The primary objective of this document is to identify and analyze the prevailing issues and root causes in Tharu society, and to propose actionable reform programs. Effective solutions require in-depth study and community involvement across all regions and demographics. Ultimately, the Tharu people themselves must embrace change, informed by self-understanding and a commitment to progress.

All relevant stakeholders, including community members, Tharu organizations, and political leaders should be involved in gathering information, selecting researchers, and preparing comprehensive project proposals, budgets, and timelines. Only through collective action and resource mobilization can the necessary reforms be achieved.

–pulkitpallav2000@yahoo.com